Methodological Programs of Modern Biological Taxonomy and Methodological Solutions

Abstract

The biological taxonomy developmentally handicaps were historically related with two main problems: 1) a problem of searching for essential features which was unachievable within the framework of empiric taxonomy and could be solved as a part of the mature theory; 2) a problem of developing of a model of the biological object the remedies of which were developed only in the XX century. Both problems are associated with the development of classificatory and system ontology and the relevant methodologies. The classificatory methodology from its inception was developed as the means of classification of biological diversity furthermore it was assumed that the features representing classes possess ontological nature that is they actually represent individual objects. Taking into account the empiric nature of taxonomy that assumption turned to be wrong. In the modern taxonomy along with the classical approach a classificatory-system approach was developed. Fundamentally, it is a transition from the classical approach to the modern one which is held to imply the development of a system model of the study subject.